Effect of Triptolide and Cisplatin Combination on Apoptosis in AMC-HN4 Cells / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used agent for chemotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma but some tumor cell shows resistance to CP. Accordingly, it is necessary to seek a method to increase the sensitivity of tumor cell to CP. This study was conducted to investigate whether Triptolide (TP) is effective in the inhibition of proliferating head and neck cancer cell and sensitizes cancer cells to CP. MATERIALS AND METHOD: To assess how the combination of TP and CP influence apoptosis of head and neck cancer cell, AMC-HN4 cells were treated with different concentrations of TP and/or CP. Then, their growth was analyzed by XTT assay and the degree of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The combination of TP and CP increased suppression of the growth of tumor cells more significantly and enhanced apoptosis more than that of TP or CP alone, and suppressed expression of anti-apoptotic protein. CONCLUSION: This study showed that TP alone had antitumor activity in AMC-HN4 cells, and the combination of TP or CP also might sensitize head and neck cancer cell to CP by suppressing the expression of antiapoptotic protein.

Detection of MAGE and SSX Gene Expressions by RT-nested PCR Using Common Primers in Head and Neck Cancer

OBJECTIVES: The melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) and synovial sarcoma on X chromosome (SSX) gene families are silent in most normal adult tissues, but are expressed in a variety of malignant lesions. Therefore, detection of MAGE and SSX transcription may be useful for the diagnosis of head and neck cancers. The aim of this study is to detect MAGE and SSX gene transcripts of head and neck cancers using the MAGE 1-6 assay and the SSX 1-9 assay. METHODS: The transcripts of MAGE 1-6 and SSX 1-9 genes were detected by the MAGE 1-6 assay and the SSX 1-9 assay respectively, in cancer cell lines, cancer tissue, and induced sputum specimens from head and neck cancer patients. RESULTS: The transcripts of MAGE 1-6 and SSX 1-9 genes were detected in 82.8% and 75.9% of head and neck cancer tissues (N=29) respectively, and 96.6% of cancer tissues expressed at least one of MAGE 1-6 or SSX 1-9 genes. In the induced sputum of head and neck cancer patients (N=18), the transcripts of MAGE 1-6 and SSX 1-9 genes were detected in 72.2% and 77.8%, respectively, and 94.4% of the sputum specimens were positive for either the MAGE 1-6 or the SSX 1-9 assay. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the combination of MAGE 1-6 and SSX 1-9 assays may be useful in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer.

A Case of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis / 대한이비인후과학회지

Primary lymphoma of the thyroid is a relatively rare malignant thyroid neoplasm. It is known to be frequently associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The clinical presentation includes an enlarging neck mass, accompanied by dysphagia, dyspnea or hoarseness, with its most common histologic type being the diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Recently, we experienced a case of a primary thyroid lymphoma associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a 60-year-old woman, who presented with an anterior neck mass. We present this case with a review of the literature.

Treatment of Scalp Arteriovenous Malformation

OBJECTIVE: The object of this study is to present the treatment experience of the 6cases of scalp arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) focus on treatment strategy. METHODS: Six patients with scalp AVM were treated during past 12years. We analysis the clinical characteristics of the lesions, treatment methods and management outcomes. RESULTS: The lesions were located on temporal in 2 patients, parietal in 2 patients, frontal and occipital area in each one. Four of six patients had a trauma history on scalp. The presenting symptoms were progressive enlarged pulsating mass with or without bruit. Four of the six lesions had the large fistula in the lesion. Two patients were treated with surgical resection alone, three patients with proximal feeding artery balloon(s) occlusion followed by surgical resection, and one patient with coil embolization through trans-venous route alone. We obtained good results in all patients. CONCLUSION: Most of scalp AVM can be completely cured by judicious selection and a combination of treatment modalities, i.e., surgery only, or embolization only, or embolization plus surgical therapy. Although embolization became a primary therapy for this sort of scalp AVM recently, the selection of treatment modality should be chose based on the size, angioarchitecture, and clinical presentations of the lesion.

The Relationship between Modified Mallampati Grade, Tonsillar Grade and Apnea-Hypopnea Index / 수면정신생리

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is diagnosed through history, physical examination, imaging studies and polysomnography. Clinical examination of this condition may point to hypertrophic tonsils and crowded oropharynx. The objective of this study is to investigate the usefulness of modified Mallampati grade (MMG) and tonsil grade (TG) in predicting the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: MMG and TG were divided into 4 and 5 groups, respectively, according to their severity. Medical records were collected from 94 patients who had received polysomnography and otorhinolaryngologic examination for snoring and sleep apnea at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center from March 2002 through April 2004. Patients were divided into two groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) : control (n=24), and patients with sleep apnea (n=70). RESULTS: Patients with higher MMG and TG had higher AHI, and MMG and TG proved to have a statistically significant correlation with AHI (p< 0.05) CONCLUSION: MMG and TG were reliable predictors of OSA and helpful parameters in deciding treatment method.

Hypocalcemia after Thyroidectomy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Incidence of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy varies from 5.4 to 83%, and permanent hypocalcemia from 0.5 to 8%. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for the development of hypocalcemia and permanent hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The medical records were reviewed for 130 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University from January 1998 to June 2002. The subjects were reviewed according to sex, various thyroid diseases, unintentional removal of parathyroid gland, autotransplantation of parathyroid gland and various surgical modality that would affect postoperative hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was defined as a serum calcium level under 8.0 mg/dl on at least two consecutive measurements regardless of symptoms. Permanent hypocalcemia was defined for cases in which hypocalcemia persisted more than 6 months after thyroidectomy. RESULTS: Among 130 patients, 43 patients (33.1%) had hypo-calcemia and 9 patients (6.9%) permanent hypocalcemia. Factors significantly predictive of postoperative hypocalcemia in univariate analysis included malignancy (p < 0.001), extensive operation (total thyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy with neck dissection)(p < 0.001) and unintentional removal of parathyroid gland (p < 0.001). Independant risk factors on multivariate analysis were malignancy (p=0.027) and unintentional removal of parathyroid gland (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the incidence of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy was 33.1% and permanent hypocalcemia 6.9%. Our study found malignancy, extensive surgery, unintentional removal of parathyroid gland to be statistically significant risk factors. Hypo-calcemia can be kept to a minimum by profound knowledge of anatomy of thyroid and parathyroid gland, meticulous surgical technique and delicate autotransplantation of parathyroid gland.

Gene Expression of B16F10 Induced by Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of tumor vaccine is to activate immune system specifically against proteins expressed by a tumor, and many types of vaccines such as gene modified vaccines have been developed to increase immunogenicity of vaccine. We studied to determine whether or not 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (ADC) can increase the immunogenicity of B16F10 melanoma cell. MATERIALS AND METHOD: B16F10 cell was treated with ADC for the induction of DNA demethylation. An ADC treated B16F10 melanoma cell was analyzed first using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique to evaluate the gene expression of tumor antigen (MAGE-2, MAGE-5) and immunity-enhancing cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-12), and then by flow cytometry to evaluate the expression of MHC and B7 that are responsible for antigen expression and T cell activation on B16F10 cell surface. In order to evaluate vaccination effect of ADC-treated B16F10 vaccine, each mouse group were injected with PBS, ADC, B16F10 vaccine or B16F10-ADC vaccine and they were also challenged with live B16F10 cell 7 days after vaccination. On the 20th day after live B16F10 cell challenge, the tumor mass size and the mouse survival period were determined. RESULTS: ADC treatment for B16F10 melanoma cell increased expression of MHC and B7. ADC treatment also increased gene expression of MAGE-2, MAGE-5, GM-CSF and IL-12. The growth of tumor mass was decreased and the mouse survival period was elongated in B16F10-ADC vaccine immunized group. CONCLUSION: ADC treatment may increase immunogenicity of B16F10 cell, and B16F10-ADC vaccine immunization can induce anti-cancer immunity in vivo.

Quality of Life after Treatment of Laryngeal Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Head and neck cancer strikes at some of the most basic human functions, including verbal communication, social interaction, eating and breathing. Traditionally, the success of cancer treatment has been assessed by objective measures such as disease-free intervals, cure rates, and complication rates. Recently, however, there has been an increased awareness of the need to evaluate treatment effects on the individual's quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study is to assess quality of life following various types of treatment for laryngeal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed a quality-of-life after treatment of laryngeal carcinoma patients using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires which was employed by the WHOQOL-group. Fifty-seven patients with laryngeal carcinoma were contacted with the completion of the survey: Radiotherapy only (n=24), conservative laryngectomy (n=16) and total layngectomy (n=17). RESULTS: This study demonstrates that there was no significant difference in QOL in physical health, social relationship and environment between the radiotherapy-only-group and the operation-group (conservative & total laryngectomy). However, the radiotherapy-only group had significantly better (p<.05) QOL on the psychological health domain, especially regarding body image and negative feelings than those of the operation group. CONCLUSION: The negative feeling, the body image change and the poor ability of communication have a negative impact on QOL in the operation group, especially in the total laryngectomee. Providing positive psychosocial adjustment training and voice rehabilitation programs for those who underwent total laryngectomy would be a great help in enhancing their quality of life.

Experience of the Elective Neck Dissection in Clinical N0 Neck / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The status of cervical lymph node is a great influence to the prognosis of patient with head and neck cancer. There has been a great controversies on the treatment of clinical N0 neck. The purpose of this study is to analyze the outcomes of the elective neck dissection in clinical N0 neck of various sites of primary lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed the outcomes of elective neck dissection by retrospective study with review of records of 38 head and neck cancer patients (56 sites) who had clinically N0 neck. RESULTS: The overall rate of occult neck metastasis was 31.6%. Occult neck metastasis rates according to primary sites were 37.5% (supraglottic larynx), 25.0% (glottis), 25.0% (hypopharynx) and 20. 0% (tongue) and according to T stage were 50,0% (T1), 13.3% (T2), 57.1% (T3) and 0% (T4). Four cases had nodal recurrence (1 out of 4 had occult neck metastasis) after elective neck dissections and there were no significant postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Due to relatively high overall occult neck metastasis rate, and no significant postoperative complications, the elective neck dissection should be considered against potential possibility of occult neck metastasis in the primary sites and extent of head and neck cancers.

A Case of Fibrous Histiocytoma in Infratemporal Fossa and Parapharyngeal Space / 대한이비인후과학회지

Fibrous histiocytomas (FHs) are skin or deep tissue tumor that include a heterogenous group of tumors. The common origin of these tumors are a histiocyte and these tumors are composed of fibroblasts and histiocytes. FHs commonly occurs in the sun-exposed skin and subcutaneous tissue, but its incidence in the head and neck is rare. We experienced a case of FH in the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space in a 29-year-old woman. The patient showed hyperesthesia in the right chin and some facial swelling. We could successfully remove the mass without sacrifice of important structures by infratemporal fossa approach with osteotomy of mandible.

Correlation of the Expression of nm23-H1/NDP Kinase A and CD44v8-10 with Head and Neck Cancer Metastasis / 체질인류학회지

The expressions of nm23-H1/NDP kinase and CD44 genes which are associated with tumor proliferation and metastasis, in 10 cases of head and neck cancer were studied by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody H1-203 and CD44v8-10. And the relationship between the expressions of two genes and cancer metastasis was studied. Eight cases out of 10 head and neck cancers were squamous cell carcinomas. Normal skin epidermis and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin were used as control. The expression of nm23-H1/NDP kinase A was decreased generally in head and neck cancer comparing with normal epidermis, and more decreased in metastatic head and neck cancer. CD44v8-10 was shown strong expression in non-metastatic head and neck cancer but weak or no expression in metastatic head and neck cancer. With differentiation of tumor tissue, the expression of CD44v8-10 gene decreased. These results suggest that nm23-H1/NDP kinase and CD44 genes play a role as inhibitor to metastasis in head and neck cancer.

Treatment Result in Laryngeal Cancer Patients Submitted to Surgical Treatment / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignant tumor within head and neck and is known for having a good prognosis in comparison to the other malignancies. The surgery to the larynx and neck is one of the prime treatment modality for the laryngeal cancer. The purpose of this study is to review the surgical experience of our hospital and to focus on the results of the surgical treatment of the laryngeal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analyzed 41 laryngeal cancer patients who underwent surgery during the period of 5 years from January 1989 to December 1993. TNM staging of the disease was done by the AJCC staging system issued in 1992. The 5-year survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: 1) The overall 5-year survival rate was 65.8%. 2) The 5-year survival rate according to clinical stage showed 100%, 83.3%, 76.9%, and 50% in stage I, II, III, IV respectively. 3) The 5-year survival rate according to T stage showed 75%, 66.7%, 57.9%, 77.8%, in T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively. 4) The 5-year survival rate according to nodal status showed N(-) 78.9%, N(+) 56.2%. 5) The 5-year survival rate according to primary site showed supraglottis 60%, glottis 100%, transglottis 57.1%. 6) The 5-year survival rate according to treatment modalities showed surgery only patients 80%, postoperative radiation patients 60%, salvage operation patients 54.6%. CONCLUSION: Early stage, glottic cancer and the patients who only had operation showed good treatment result. Regional lymph node metastasis, at the time of diagnosis, was found to carry a worse prognosis. The main cause of treatment failure was distant metastasis.

Cytogenetic Studies of High Dose EGF Treated KUMA3 Cell Clone / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidermal growth factor (EGF), directly stimulates epidermal growth and differentiation. The combination of EGFR activation and genetic alternations may lead to neoplasia and metaplasia. To study the change of chromosomal number and the aberrations of chromosomal structure of KUMA3 cell line treated with high dose EGF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The high dose EGF treated cell clones were obtained from KUMA3 cell line which was established from squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip by culturing cells in medium containing high dose EGF for 6 months. The chromosomal analysis and subculture were performed at subsequent passage of 1 month interval. RESULTS: In high dose EGF treated cell clones, there was no apparent change in chromosomal number, but the ratio of the number of chromosome 7 to mode chromosome number was similar to normal value (0.043). The new chromosomal structural aberrations appeared first from 30 passage of IR-200 cell clone. The chromosomal aberrations were del(1)(q23-->qter) and del(4)t(1:4)(1qter-->1q23: : 4p16-->4qter). CONCLUSION: There was no change in chromosomal number, but the ratio of the number of chromosome 7 to mode chromosome number was similar to normal value (0.043), and the new chromosomal structural aberrations were appeared.

Cavernous Sinus Lesions Treated in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Field / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cavernous sinus is a small venous space enclosed by leaves of dura and periosteum and located on either side of sella turcica. Approach and treatment of lesions of this sinus are very difficult and perilous because they contain critical neural and vascular structures. Surgery relating to cavernous sinus lesions are extremely rare in otorhinolaryngology and such surgeries are usually referred to the fields of neurology and neurosurgery. However, in the case of a lesion that extends from the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses, an intranasal approach is necessary and cooperation with head and neck surgeons are desirable to achieve a superior result. This study examines the nature of these rare cases of cavernous sinus lesions and assesses the results of cooperation with doctors of other specialties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We summarize here three cases of cavernous sinus lesions (angiofibroma, tuberculosis, foreign body) extendeding from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. These lesions were treated in cooperation with a reconstructive surgeon and a neurosurgeon. RESULT: All of these cases showed successful results. CONCLUSION: Close cooperation from each department is critical in order to achieve successful results.

Failure anaysis of radical radiotherapy in laryngeal cancer / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Aneurysms of the Nontraumatic Extracranial Carotid Artery and Vertebral Artery: Cases Report

No abstract available.

Clinical study of corrosive esophagitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Clinical study of the neck dissection / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.